Concussion
The Full Story
Concussion is clinically diagnosed and stems from a sudden impact to the brain. Diagnosis involves tools like symptom checklists, standardized assessments, and neuropsychological testing, although these should not be relied upon in isolation.
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Diagnosis of concussion relies on clinical assessment with tools like symptom checklists and neuropsychological testing.
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Higher concussion risks exist in sports like football, rugby, hockey, and soccer.
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Athletes with prior concussions face increased risks, especially in the initial 10 days post-concussion.
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No clear helmet superiority; proper fit and maintenance are crucial.
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Ongoing symptoms, prior concussions, and younger age can prolong recovery.
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Chronic impairment risk factors include prior concussions, prolonged sports exposure, and the ApoE4 gene.
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Symptoms: headaches, sensitivity to light and sound, changes in reaction time, balance, and memory.
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Sideline management involves immediate removal if a concussion is suspected.
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The Standardized Assessment of Concussion measures cognitive and neurologic aspects.
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Visual tracking difficulties may indicate attention dysfunction after a concussion.
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The ApoE gene, especially ApoE4, influences aging, diet responses, and disease risks, with complex gene-environment interactions anticipated.